Abstract Factory Pattern

Abstract factory is a creational design pattern, It define an interface which will create families of related or dependents object without the requirement of specifying the exact concrete classes that will be used.
This is all about a factory creating various object at run time based on user demand.

Examples:
Consider you are creating electronic product management application. The first version of your application can handle only mobile phone, so the bulk of your code lives in a mobile phone class.

After a while, your application becomes so popular that you get huge request to include laptop as well. The same time company planning to extend the old product category for client satisfaction. They are planning to extend mobile phone in smart phone & normal phone categories. The same plan to apply new product ((i.e.). laptop) as well. Factory method pattern doesn’t resolve this problem because it involves multiple factories and products which are related to the parent company. To overcome this problem Abstract Factory Pattern come to this place. It allow to create multiple factories & products [(i.e.). products -> product categories -> product sub-categories -> etc…..]

Sample Demo Diagram:

UML Diagram:

Drawbacks:
It support new kinds of products is difficult. Extending abstract factories to produce new kinds of Products isn’t easy. That’s because the AbstractFactory interface fixes the set of products that can be created. Supporting new kinds of products requires extending the factory interface, which involves changing the AbstractFactory class and all of its subclasses.
It makes exchanging product families easy. The class of a concrete factory appears only once in an application – that is, where it’s instantiated. This makes it easy to change the concrete factory an application uses. It can use different product configurations simply by changing the concrete factory. Because an abstract factory creates a complete family of products, the whole product family changes at once.

Sample Demo Program:
The following participants are involved in given program

AbstractFactory - Declares an interface for operations that create abstract products
ConcreteFactory - Implements the operations to create concrete product objects
AbstractProduct - Declares an interface for a type of product object
Product
=> Defines a product object to be created by the corresponding concrete factory
=> Implements the AbstractProduct interface
Client - This is a class which use AbstractFactory and AbstractProduct interfaces to create a family of related objects

Entire Code Structure:

using System;
namespace AbstractFactory_DesignPattern
{
    //AbstractProduct - Main 
    interface IElectronicProduct
    {
        //Common property
        string Name { get; set; }
        string Memory { get; set; }
        string Description { get; set; }

        //Common Method / Function / Behaviour
        string GetMemory();
        void SetMemory(int value);
    }

    //AbstractProduct - 1
    interface ILaptop : IElectronicProduct
    {
        string WarrantyPeriod { get; set; }
        string ModelDetails { get; set; }
    }

    //AbstractProduct - 2
    interface IMobile : IElectronicProduct
    {
        string WarrantyPeriod { get; set; }
        string ModelDetails { get; set; }
        string PhoneType { get; set; }
    }

    //'AbstractFactory' Interface
    interface IProduct
    {
        ILaptop CreateLaptopProduct(LaptopTypeDetails laptopTypeDetails);
        IMobile CreateMobileProduct(MobileTypeDetails mobileTypeDetails);
    }

    //'Product-1' For Laptop
    class GamingLaptop : ILaptop
    {
        private string _name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set { _name = value; }
        }

        private string _memory;
        public string Memory
        {
            get { return _memory; }
            set { _memory = value; }
        }

        public string _description;
        public string Description
        {
            get { return _description; }
            set { _description = value; }
        }

        public string _WarrantyPeriod;
        public string WarrantyPeriod
        {
            get { return _WarrantyPeriod; }
            set { _WarrantyPeriod = value; }
        }

        public string _modelDetails;
        public string ModelDetails
        {
            get { return _modelDetails; }
            set { _modelDetails = value; }
        }

        public string GetMemory()
        {
            return Memory;
        }

        public void SetMemory(int value)
        {
            Memory = string.Format("{0} {1}", value, "TB");
        }

        public GamingLaptop()
        {
            Name = "HP Omen";
            Memory = "1 TB";
            Description = "It's famous Gaming laptop in india";
            WarrantyPeriod = "1 Year";
            ModelDetails = "HP OMEN Core i5 7th Gen -(16 GB / 1 TB HDD/ 128 GB SSD/ Windows 10 Home / 4 GB Graphics) 15 - ax249TX Gaming Laptop  (15.6 inch, Black)";
        }
    }

    //'Product-2' For Laptop
    class NormalLaptop : ILaptop
    {
        private string _name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set { _name = value; }
        }

        private string _memory;
        public string Memory
        {
            get { return _memory; }
            set { _memory = value; }
        }

        public string _description;
        public string Description
        {
            get { return _description; }
            set { _description = value; }
        }

        public string _WarrantyPeriod;
        public string WarrantyPeriod
        {
            get { return _WarrantyPeriod; }
            set { _WarrantyPeriod = value; }
        }

        public string _modelDetails;
        public string ModelDetails
        {
            get { return _modelDetails; }
            set { _modelDetails = value; }
        }

        public string GetMemory()
        {
            return Memory;
        }

        public void SetMemory(int value)
        {
            Memory = string.Format("{0} {1}", value, "TB");
        }
        public NormalLaptop()
        {
            Name = "Dell Inspiration";
            Memory = "2 TB";
            Description = "It's famous Gaming laptop in india";
            WarrantyPeriod = "1.5 Year";
            ModelDetails = "HP OMEN Core i5 7th Gen -(16 GB / 1 TB HDD/ 128 GB SSD/ Windows 10 Home / 4 GB Graphics) 15 - ax249TX Gaming Laptop  (15.6 inch, Black)";
        }
    }

    //'Product-1' For Mobile Phone
    class SmartPhone : IMobile
    {
        private string _name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set { _name = value; }
        }

        private string _memory;
        public string Memory
        {
            get { return _memory; }
            set { _memory = value; }
        }

        public string _description;
        public string Description
        {
            get { return _description; }
            set { _description = value; }
        }

        public string _WarrantyPeriod;
        public string WarrantyPeriod
        {
            get { return _WarrantyPeriod; }
            set { _WarrantyPeriod = value; }
        }

        public string _modelDetails;
        public string ModelDetails
        {
            get { return _modelDetails; }
            set { _modelDetails = value; }
        }

        //GSM or CDMA
        public string _phoneType;
        public string PhoneType
        {
            get { return _phoneType; }
            set { _phoneType = value; }
        }

        public string GetMemory()
        {
            return Memory;
        }

        public void SetMemory(int value)
        {
            Memory = string.Format("{0} {1}", value, "GB");
        }
        public SmartPhone()
        {
            Name = "Lenovo Vibe K5 Note";
            Memory = "8 GB";
            Description = "It's famous Smart Phone in india";
            WarrantyPeriod = "2 Year";
            ModelDetails = "Lenovo Vibe K5 Note (Gold, 32 GB)  (3 GB RAM)";
            PhoneType = "GSM";
        }
    }

    //'Product-2' For Mobile Phone
    class NormalPhone : IMobile
    {
        private string _name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set { _name = value; }
        }

        private string _memory;
        public string Memory
        {
            get { return _memory; }
            set { _memory = value; }
        }

        public string _description;
        public string Description
        {
            get { return _description; }
            set { _description = value; }
        }

        public string _WarrantyPeriod;
        public string WarrantyPeriod
        {
            get { return _WarrantyPeriod; }
            set { _WarrantyPeriod = value; }
        }

        public string _modelDetails;
        public string ModelDetails
        {
            get { return _modelDetails; }
            set { _modelDetails = value; }
        }

        //GSM or CDMA
        public string _phoneType;
        public string PhoneType
        {
            get { return _phoneType; }
            set { _phoneType = value; }
        }

        public string GetMemory()
        {
            return Memory;
        }

        public void SetMemory(int value)
        {
            Memory = string.Format("{0} {1}", value, "MB");
        }
        public NormalPhone()
        {
            Name = "Nokia 1600 ";
            Memory = "256 MB";
            Description = "It's famous Normal Phone in india";
            WarrantyPeriod = "1 Year";
            ModelDetails = "REBOXED Nokia 1600 256 MB Black RAM";
            PhoneType = "CDMA";
        }
    }

    
    //'ConcreteFactory' class
    class ElectronicProduct : IProduct
    {
        //'Maintain ConcreteFactory-1'
        public ILaptop CreateLaptopProduct(LaptopTypeDetails laptopTypeDetails)
        {
            switch(laptopTypeDetails)
            {
                case LaptopTypeDetails.Gaming:
                    return new GamingLaptop();
                case LaptopTypeDetails.Normal:
                    return new NormalLaptop();
                default:
                    throw new ApplicationException((LaptopTypeDetails.Gaming == laptopTypeDetails) ? "Gaming" : "Normal"  + "type can not be created");
            }
        }

        //'Maintain ConcreteFactory-2'
        public IMobile CreateMobileProduct(MobileTypeDetails mobileTypeDetails)
        {
            switch (mobileTypeDetails)
            {
                case MobileTypeDetails.Smart:
                    return new SmartPhone();
                case MobileTypeDetails.Normal:
                    return new NormalPhone();
                default:
                    throw new ApplicationException((MobileTypeDetails.Smart == mobileTypeDetails) ? "Smart" : "Normal" + "type can not be created");
            }
        }

    }

    //'Client' Class
    class Product
    {
        public Product()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Creating Product Factory");
        }

        //maintain laptop products
        public ILaptop LaptopProduct(IProduct Product, LaptopTypeDetails laptopTypeDetails)
        {
            return Product.CreateLaptopProduct(laptopTypeDetails);
        }

        //maintain mobile products
        public IMobile MobileProduct(IProduct Product, MobileTypeDetails mobileTypeDetails)
        {
            return Product.CreateMobileProduct(mobileTypeDetails);
        }
    }

    //Different product that can be created by the factory
    enum ProductDetails
    {
        MobilePhone,
        Laptop,
        ExternalHardDrive
    }

    enum LaptopTypeDetails
    {
        Gaming,
        Normal
    }

    enum MobileTypeDetails
    {
        Smart,
        Normal
    }

    //main class act as 'Client'
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            IProduct electronicProduct = new ElectronicProduct();
            Product product = new Product();

            //-------------------------Laptop product----------------------------------------------
            Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------Laptop Products------------------------------------------");
            foreach (LaptopTypeDetails laptopTypeDetail in Enum.GetValues(typeof(LaptopTypeDetails)))
            {
                var laptopProduct = product.LaptopProduct(electronicProduct, laptopTypeDetail);
                Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------{0} Laptop------------------------------------------", laptopTypeDetail.ToString());
                Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}, Memory: {1}, Description: {2}, Available Memory: {3}, Contract Period: {4}, Model Details: {5} "
                    , laptopProduct.Name, laptopProduct.Memory, laptopProduct.Description, laptopProduct.GetMemory(), laptopProduct.WarrantyPeriod
                    , laptopProduct.ModelDetails);
                Console.WriteLine("Do you want to reset {0} memory?", laptopProduct.Name);
                Console.Write("Press 1 to reset memory: ");
                if (Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()) == 1)
                {
                    Console.Write("Enter Memory Capacity: ");
                    laptopProduct.SetMemory(Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()));
                    Console.WriteLine("Current Reset Memory Value: {0}", laptopProduct.GetMemory());
                }
            }

            //-------------------------Mobile product----------------------------------------------
            Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------Mobile Phone Products------------------------------------------");
            foreach (MobileTypeDetails mobileTypeDetail in Enum.GetValues(typeof(MobileTypeDetails)))
            {
                var mobileProduct = product.MobileProduct(electronicProduct, mobileTypeDetail);
                Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------{0} Phone------------------------------------------", mobileTypeDetail.ToString());
                Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}, Memory: {1}, Description: {2}, Available Memory: {3}, Contract Period: {4}, Model Details: {5}, Phone Type: {6} "
                    , mobileProduct.Name, mobileProduct.Memory, mobileProduct.Description, mobileProduct.GetMemory(), mobileProduct.WarrantyPeriod
                    , mobileProduct.ModelDetails, mobileProduct.PhoneType);
                Console.WriteLine("Do you want to reset {0} memory?", mobileProduct.Name);
                Console.Write("Press 1 to reset memory: ");
                if (Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()) == 1)
                {
                    Console.Write("Enter Memory Capacity: ");
                    mobileProduct.SetMemory(Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()));
                    Console.WriteLine("Current Reset Memory Value: {0}", mobileProduct.GetMemory());
                }
            }
            Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

Final Output:

Click here to download sample program

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Software Development Tricky

Software Development Tricky

Tuesday 12 September 2017

Abstract Factory Pattern

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